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LDL Cholesterol: What Your Bad Cholesterol Level Means

LDL (low-density lipoprotein) is often called "bad cholesterol" because high levels lead to plaque buildup in arteries, increasing the risk of heart attack and stroke. It is the primary target of cholesterol-lowering therapy.

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Normal Range

Below 100 mg/dL

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Unit

mg/dL

What Your Results Mean

Normal

LDL below 100 mg/dL is optimal for most people. For those with existing heart disease or diabetes, below 70 mg/dL is often the target.

High

High LDL leads to atherosclerosis — the buildup of fatty plaques in artery walls. This narrows arteries, restricts blood flow, and dramatically increases the risk of heart attack and stroke.

Low

Very low LDL is generally beneficial and is the goal of statin therapy for high-risk individuals. Extremely low levels (below 40 mg/dL) are rare and may be associated with genetic conditions or malnutrition.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is a normal LDL level? expand_more
Optimal LDL is below 100 mg/dL. Near optimal is 100–129 mg/dL. Borderline high is 130–159 mg/dL. High is 160–189 mg/dL. Very high is 190 mg/dL and above.
How can I lower my LDL cholesterol? expand_more
Reduce saturated fats (red meat, butter, cheese), eliminate trans fats, increase soluble fiber and omega-3 fatty acids, exercise regularly, and discuss statin therapy with your doctor if lifestyle changes are insufficient.
What causes high LDL? expand_more
Diet high in saturated fats, genetic familial hypercholesterolemia, obesity, hypothyroidism, diabetes, and kidney disease are common causes.
Are statins necessary for high LDL? expand_more
Not always. Lifestyle changes can significantly reduce LDL. Statins are typically recommended when LDL remains high despite diet and exercise, or when cardiovascular risk is already elevated.
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